Everything about Joseph Galloway totally explained
Joseph Galloway (1731–
August 10,
1803) was an
American Loyalist during the
American Revolution, after serving as delegate to the
First Continental Congress from
Pennsylvania.
He was born at
West River, Maryland, and moved with his father to Pennsylvania in 1740, where he received a liberal schooling. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and began practice in
Philadelphia. Galloway was a member of the
Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from 1757 to 1775 and served as
Speaker of the House from 1766 to 1774.
Galloway was a member of the Continental Congress in 1774, where he proposed a compromise
plan for Union with
Great Britain which would provide the colonies with their own parliament subject to the Crown. He signed the nonimportation agreement, but was opposed to independence of the
Thirteen colonies and remained loyal to the King. Ferling (1977) argues that Galloway's conduct was motivated partly by opportunism, and partly by genuine philosophical principles. A resident of cosmopolitan Philadelphia and an associate of
Benjamin Franklin, Galloway was throughout his career a British-American nationalist, believing that the British Empire offered a citizen greater liberties than any nation on earth. Galloway urged reform of the imperial administration and was critical of the trade laws, the
Stamp Act of 1765, and the
Townshend Acts enacted in 1767; and as early as 1765 he'd a conciliatory plan to end the disputes between London and the colonies.
In December of 1776, Galloway joined the British
General Howe and accompanied him on his capture of Philadelphia. During the British occupation, he was appointed Superintendent of Police, and headed the civil government. He had a reputation as a highly efficient administrator, but one who repeatedly interfered in military affairs. He aggressively organized the Loyalists in the city, but was dismayed when the British army decided to abandon the city. When the British army withdrew, he went with them, and, in 1778, he moved to London. He was influential in convincing the British that a vast reservoir of Loyalist support could be tapped by aggressive leadership, thus setting up the British invasion of the South. The
General Assembly of Pennsylvania convicted him of treason and confiscated his estates.
He died in
Watford,
Hertfordshire,
England on
August 29,
1803.
One of two alternate explanations is that
Galloway Township,
New Jersey was named for Galloway.
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